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- 1. Multiple ChoiceThe chief beneficiaries of all but one of the Atlantic revolutions werepropertied white men of the “middling classes.women.white men without property.slaves.
- 2. Multiple ChoiceThe Atlantic revolutionsshared the same outcomes.were triggered by the same circumstances.expressed the same social and political tensions.shared a common political vocabulary and a broadly democratic character.
- 3. Multiple ChoiceA distinguishing characteristic of the French Revolution when compared to the American
Revolution was that the French Revolutiondrew on Enlightenment ideas about liberty.sought to recreate society from scratch.sought to preserve existing liberties rather than to establish new ones.maintained the monarchy, whereas the Americans broke with this form of government. - 4. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was an outcome of the American Revolution?Political authority no longer resided in the hands of pre-Revolutionary colonial elites.Enlightenment ideals were increasingly rejected as part of a quest for stability.It established nearly universal voting rights in the former colonies.It accelerated the established democratic tendencies of the colonial societies.
- 5. Multiple ChoiceThe most distinctive feature of the Haitian Revolution wasits status as the only completely successful slave revolt in world history.the success of different races at putting aside differences in the name of the revolution.its failure to influence the populations of other Caribbean islands.its relative lack of violence.
- 6. Multiple ChoiceWhat best describes the result of Napoleon’s conquest and reform of European lands
outside France?The conquered were grateful to Napoleon.The conquered accepted many of the reforms, but revolted against French control.The conquered refused to accept the reforms and fought bitterly against French control.The conquered refused to accept the reforms, but passively accepted French control. - 7. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was an impact of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic
world?Napoleon bought the Louisiana territory from the United States.The movement to abolish slavery collapsed as fear of free slaves grew.Slave owners and whites were filled with fear and trepidation.Similar slave insurrections spread throughout the Atlantic world, including Brazil,
Jamaica, and Louisiana. - 8. Multiple ChoiceIn which of the following regions did the use of slaves increase over the second half of
the nineteenth century?Latin AmericaWest AfricaHaitiThe British sugar colonies in the Caribbean - 9. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is one reason why the Spanish American revolutions took longer
and were more difficult than the (North) American Revolution?Language barriersGreater wealth in Spain than in BritainDivisions of class, race, and region within Spanish AmericaStability of the royal government in Spain - 10. Multiple ChoiceWhat great fear drove the Latin American creole elites to pursue independence and
political change?They feared falling behind the United States economically and politically.They feared that the Church was gaining too much power over them.They feared that social unrest from the lower classes and nonwhites would get out of
control.They feared the Spanish and Portuguese monarchies were going to replace them with
new elites drawn from the lower classes. - 11. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following arguments made the cause of abolition widely acceptable in the
nineteenth century?Slavery was immoral.Slavery was not condoned in the Bible.Slavery benefited Portuguese slave traders too much.Slavery was no longer necessary for economic progress. - 12. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is true of the women’s movement by the early 1900s?It had secured widespread voting rights for women across Europe.In the most industrialized countries of the West, it had become a mass movement.Large numbers of working-class women had gained entrance to universities.While a number of nations had strong feminist movements, there was little or no contact
between them. - 13. Multiple ChoiceAdvocates of maternal feminism based their claims for equal rights for women onMarxist notions of class solidarity.the modern idea of human equality.women’s early successes in winning the right to vote.the distinctive role of women as mothers.
- 14. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following had not undergone its own wide-scale Industrial Revolution by
1900?United StatesBritainJapanLatin America - 15. Multiple ChoiceAmong the reasons that Europe industrialized first was thatit enjoyed an obvious economic advantage over all other regions by 1750.it possessed a unique capacity for technological innovation.European rulers fostered unusually close alliances with their merchant classes.Europe’s societies had, unlike China, Japan, and other Asian societies, developed highly
commercialized, market-based economies. - 16. Multiple ChoiceEurope’s societies had, unlike China, Japan, and other Asian societies, developed highly
commercialized, market-based economies.Europeans were just lucky to industrialize first.Europeans stole innovations from other societies.Unique features of European society, economy, or history gave it a long-term advantage
and head-start in industrializing.More adequate rainfall encouraged economic and industrial development. - 17. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following arguments serves to counter the notion that European culture is
inherently more suited to industry and technology?Until about 1750, core areas of Europe, India, and China enjoyed similar levels of
economic development.Europeans make up only a small percentage of the world’s population.Non-European civilizations have been able to provide other valuable contributions to
World History, for example, in terms of music or cuisine.Europeans today lag far behind the United States in terms of industry and technology. - 18. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following explanations for why Britain was the first European country to
industrialize is true?The Scientific Revolution took a distinctive form in Great Britain in ways that fostered
technological innovation.British monarchs had absolute power and thus were able to freely promote
industrialization.A scarcity of workers in Britain led to technological innovations that increased
efficiency.Lack of coal deposits forced British industrialists to develop wind-based energy sources. - 19. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following statements accurately describes the experience of women in
nineteenth-century Britain?Middle-class women usually continued to work outside the home after marriage.In the late nineteenth century, many working-class women began to enter the teaching,
clerical, and nursing professions.Working-class women usually left outside paid employment after they were married.Though middle-class women never worked outside the home, they earned money within
the home by doing laundry or sewing clothes. - 20. Multiple ChoiceWhy was the British working-class movement less overtly revolutionary than its Russian
counterpart?British monarchs had absolute power and thus were better able to control the laboring
classes than were the less powerful Russian tsars.The wages and living standards of working-class families in Britain rose without
revolution.The relatively small middle class in Britain as compared to Russia changed the dynamic
of social relations between rich and poor.The declining wages of working-class families in Britain led to despair, not revolution. - 21. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was a reason for the failure of Marxist socialism to take root in
the United States?A lack of labor unions in the United StatesThe relatively small number of white-collar workers in the United StatesThe alliance of the American Federation of Labor with the Democratic PartyThe typically higher standard of living enjoyed by American workers in comparison to
their European counterparts - 22. Multiple ChoiceIndustrialization in Russia differed from British industrialization in which of the
following ways?Industrialization was more state-directed in Russia than in Britain.Industrialization in Russia took place without rapid urbanization.Russian factories tended to be much smaller than factories in Britain and other Western
European countries.Russian industrialization occurred earlier than in Britain. - 23. Multiple ChoiceIndustrialization led to violent social revolution only inBritain.Russia.the United States.Germany.
- 24. Multiple ChoiceHow did contact with other civilizations contribute to Europe’s Industrial Revolution?It awakened a desire to keep all foreign influence out of Europe.It encouraged Europeans to radically reform their culture.It enabled Europe to draw disproportionately on the world’s resources.It did not contribute at all; Europeans did not need anything from other civilizations to
industrialize. - 25. Multiple ChoiceThe most profound change in the social structure of Latin America after independence
wasa decline in the status and power of creole whites.the abolition of slavery.the rising fortunes of indigenous Indian populations.the creation of new legal distinctions between various racial categories. - 26. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best describes the comparison between the Industrial Revolution
in Britain and the Industrial Revolution as it unfolded in other lands across the globe?It happened exactly in other countries as it happened in Britain.It bore no resemblance in other countries to what happened in Britain.The basic social outcomes were similar in Britain and other industrialized countries, but
important differences also characterized how the process unfolded.Only Russia and the United States had similar Industrial Revolutions to Britain; every
other country was totally different. - 27. Multiple ChoiceLatin America diverged from Europe during the nineteenth century in which of the
following ways?Only a very limited market for manufactured goods developed in Latin America.Latin America experienced little population growth.No “middle class” emerged in Latin America.Urbanization proceeded very slowly in Latin America. - 28. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was one reason why Europeans needed to expand into new
foreign markets?To find vacation destinationsTo build prison coloniesTo unload periodic surpluses of manufactured goodsTo unite humankind - 29. Multiple ChoiceWhy did ordinary Europeans come to care whether their country gained new territories
around the globe or not?Profits from new territories were distributed equally among all Europeans.Most Europeans were naturally curious about other cultures around the world.Many Europeans became swept up in mass nationalism.Many Europeans were looking for new places to settle. - 30. Multiple ChoiceIn which of the following ways did the Industrial Revolution drive European expansion
in the nineteenth century?The industrialization of China created an equal trading partner for European powers.It led to technological innovations that gave Europeans a military advantage.It drove Europeans to transfer industrial production on a large scale to their colonies.It led to a rapid population increase in Europe which allowed European powers to send
large numbers of colonists to China. - 31. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following European ideas about Asians and Africans is older than the
others, emerging before the nineteenth century?The idea that Asians and Africans were “heathen” because they were not ChristianThe idea that the inferiority of Asians and Africans could be proved through scientific
studyThe idea that Asians and Africans were inferior because Europeans had unlocked the
secrets of nature and had amassed unprecedented wealth and military powerThe idea that Asians and Africans were “weaker races” that Europe was fated to
dominate - 32. Multiple ChoiceIn what way could the Industrial Revolution be seen as a failure, not a success?It did not lead to advances in medicine.It only benefited the wealthy in those societies where it took place.It seriously damaged the environment and traditional cultural heritage.It did not improve the living conditions of the working class in the long run.
- 33. Multiple ChoiceThe Taiping Uprisingbrought about a resolution of China’s peasant problem and invigorated efforts at
modernization.was crushed by the Chinese imperial army, strengthening the emperor in his relationship
with provincial nobles.was a conservative movement intent on restoring an idealized Chinese society.sought revolutionary changes, including a radical redistribution of land and recognition of
the equality of men and women. - 34. Multiple ChoiceHow devastating was the Taiping conflict relative to other nineteenth-century conflicts in
the world?It was a potentially destructive clash that was defused through diplomacy.It was a medium-scale affair.It was the second worst conflict in Asia during the nineteenth century.It caused the largest loss of life of any conflict in the nineteenth century. - 35. Multiple ChoiceWhich nation(s) had carved out “spheres of influence” in China by the end of the
nineteenth century?Russia onlyWestern nations and RussiaRussia and JapanWestern nations plus Russia and Japan - 36. Multiple ChoiceWhat was the attitude of many of China’s Qing dynasty leadership towards the modern,
industrialized societies of the West and Japan in the latter half of the nineteenth century?They totally rejected industrialization and modernization.They took cautious and mild measures to adopt some Western innovations.They rejected Western innovations out of hand, but adopted Japanese innovations freely.They embarked on a program of total Westernization and modernization. - 37. Multiple ChoiceIn an effort to modernize, the Ottoman Empireset up a new military administration along Western lines to replace the Janissaries.instituted the Tanzimat reforms, which sought to decentralize the state by giving each
imperial region virtual autonomy.sent ambassadors to the courts of Europe to study their administrative methods.established a complex new system designed to distinguish the legal status of Muslim
peoples from that of non-Muslim peoples. - 38. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was an important difference between China and the Ottoman
Empire in the late nineteenth century?Only China attempted defensive modernization using Western ideas.Only the Ottoman Empire was able to industrialize fully.The Ottoman Empire developed a nationalist conception of society during the period,
whereas China failed to develop any nationalist identity.Only the Ottoman Empire sent ambassadors to European courts to study their
administrative methods. - 39. Multiple ChoiceWhat did the Young Turks advocate?A renewed war against the WestA peaceful, holy land in place of the Ottoman EmpireA militantly secular Turkish national stateA jihad against all non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire
- 40. Multiple ChoiceHow did Japanese colonial policies in Taiwan and Korea compare to European
imperialist practice?The Japanese were less cruel toward their subjects than Europeans were to theirs.The Japanese were far crueler toward their subjects than Europeans were to theirs.The Japanese were just as cruel toward their subjects as the Europeans were to theirs.The Japanese were liberators, not imperialists. - 41. Multiple ChoiceThe reform program that transformed Japan during the final decades of the nineteenth
centuryignored Western models.was accomplished without industrialization of the country.included a modern constitution that gave control of the military to an elected parliament.substantially change the social structure of Japan. - 42. Multiple ChoiceWhat role did Spain and Portugal play in the second European imperialism?A prominent roleAbout the same as other European powersA minor roleNone
- 43. Multiple ChoiceWhat non-European country built a substantial colonial empire that bore important
similarities to the empires of its European counterparts?TurkeyChinaBrazilJapan - 44. Multiple ChoiceWhat was the long-term plan of the British government for taking over control of India?To conquer it in stagesTo arrange for India’s Mughal ruler to intermarry into the British royal familyTo conquer it all at once, but then turn it back over to a puppet Mughal rulerThere was no long-range plan of the British government for taking over control of India.
- 45. Multiple ChoiceWhat was the fate of decentralized societies that did not have a strong ruler or
government under European conquest, such as the small kingdoms and chiefdoms of
West Africa?They were easily incorporated into the new European colony.They quickly formed organized central states to deal with the European invaders.They faced protracted, brutal warfare and mass destruction, village by village.The Europeans enslaved these people and settled Europeans on their land. - 46. Multiple ChoiceWhy did Europeans become the vast majority of the population in New Zealand,
Australia, and Hawaii?The weather in these places was highly attractive to European/American settlers.These places were easily accessible from Britain and the United States.These places had never had a lot of people in them.The native population in these places had been decimated by European disease. - 47. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best characterizes the response of most Asian and African
societies to European conquests in the nineteenth century?The responses covered a wide range from active resistance to accommodation.Most societies accepted their defeat gracefully.Most societies gave in to domination after a short, decisive loss to European forces.Most societies fought long, bloody, asymmetric wars against the European invaders. - 48. Multiple ChoiceThe arrival of colonial rule changed the working lives of colonial subjects bydriving most of them to return to subsistence agriculture, where each family produced
largely for its own needs.providing an economic boon to artisans who produced handmade goods.requiring that they devote at least some of their energies to working for wages or selling
what they produced for a cash income.promoting the development of heavy industries, such as iron smelting in Africa. - 49. Multiple ChoiceHow were such small numbers of Europeans able to govern such huge and populous
territories?By reinforcing the power of local rulers and thus earning their loyaltyBy wiping out most of the local population through diseaseBy building railroads, thus traveling swiftly from place to placeBy tricking local populations into thinking there were more Europeans than actually were
present - 50. Multiple ChoiceColonial rule in Africa had an impact on the lives of women in which of the following
ways?After marriage, women were increasingly confined to the home in accordance with
European norms.Women lost their central role in producing food for their families.Women were driven completely from trade.In areas where men worked far from home, women of impoverished families became
heads of household. - 51. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following was a way in which European colonial rule transformed its
colonies?Colonial rule brought industrialization to many colonies.Colonial rule cut off Asian and African economies into a global network of exchange.Colonial rule conveyed to the colonies some elements of Europe’s modernizing process.Colonial rule brought enslavement for most colonial populations. - 52. Multiple ChoiceWhat relationship existed between the number of white settlers and the degree of racial
segregation and discrimination in African and Asian colonies?The more white settlers in a colony, the less racial discrimination there was.The more white settlers in a colony, the more racial discrimination there was.The fewer white settlers in a colony, the more racial discrimination there was.The number of white settlers and the amount of racial segregation and discrimination
were not linked. - 53. Multiple ChoiceHow did Europeans justify the paradox that they valued national independence and
Enlightenment values such as freedom and equality, yet denied these things to the people
they colonized?They never noticed the irony.They abandoned their Enlightenment beliefs so as to not be hypocrites.They fell back on Christianity as a justification.They feared the unrest that would occur if their colonial subjects learned modern values
such as nationalism and democracy. - 54. Multiple ChoiceWhat role did Hindu leaders such as Swami Vivekananda see for Indian spirituality in
terms of Western culture?They believed Indian spiritual beliefs would be destroyed by Western materialism.They believed Indian spiritual beliefs could save the West from its own dangerous
materialism.They believed Indian spiritual beliefs would co-exist peacefully with Western culture.They believed that Indian spiritual beliefs would outlast the temporary dominance of the
West. - 55. Multiple ChoiceBefore European colonialism, African peoplesthought of themselves primarily as “Africans.”recognized differences among themselves but did not clearly define them.thought of themselves in terms of distinct and separate tribes.differentiated among themselves along the lines of race.
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