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- 1. Multiple Choice
A photograph of a virus is shown.
The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to —move inside a host cellattach to a host cellcontrol a host cell’s DNAsignal other viruses to infect a host cell - 2. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these lists the descriptions in the correct order of ecological succession on Surtsey? Surtsey is an island located south of Iceland. The island was formed by a volcanic eruption and first appeared in 1963. The table below contains descriptions of changes in the population and diversity of species on Surtsey.I, II, IV, IIIIII, I, II, IVIV, III, I, IIII, IV, I, III
- 3. Multiple ChoiceHaving a standard taxonomic system benefits the scientific community by allowing scientists from all over the world to do which of the following?Have a common system for the classification of locations containing fossilsUse a similar system to classify the impact of removing species from ecosystemsHave a common understanding in the classification of organismsUnderstand how other scientists classify predator–prey relationships
- 4. Multiple ChoiceThe technique known as chromosome painting is the result of scientific research. Scientists use chromosome painting to mark the locations of genes on human chromosomes with fluorescent tags. It is also possible to apply this technique to the chromosomes of many different species. Chromosome painting allows for which of the following?A comparison of the genomes of different speciesThe sequencing of proteins from many speciesAn increase in mutations in many speciesThe extraction of amino acids from different species
- 5. Multiple ChoiceA student collected the animal on a field trip is shown in the image. The student used a dichotomous key and a microscope to classify the animal.
How should this animal be classified?ArthropodaAnnelidaMolluscaPlatyhelminthes - 6. Multiple ChoiceHealth-care workers are exposed to many different types of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Which body systems work together to protect the body from pathogens?Muscular and vascularDigestive and excretoryCirculatory and immuneEndocrine and reproductive
- 7. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these statements best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in the mitochondria?Energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules.Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place.Oxygen molecules release energy in the form of heat during combustion reactions.The energy in the bonds of glucose molecules is transferred to the phosphate bonds in ATP.
- 8. Multiple ChoiceLeaves are part of a plant’s shoot system. The xylem tissue in leaves transports —the bacteria needed for nitrogen fixation in root nodulesthe wax required to coat the surface of actively growing tissuethe water and minerals that are absorbed by the rootsthe oxygen that regulates the rate of carbohydrate production
- 9. Multiple ChoiceA dog’s pituitary gland produces the hormone ACTH, which stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol. Cortisol helps regulate body weight, mineral balance, the structure of connective tissue, the production of white blood cells, and skin health. When cortisol levels are low, the pituitary gland secretes ACTH. When cortisol levels are high, the pituitary gland stops secreting ACTH. Based on this information, which of the following would most likely be the cause of elevated levels of cortisol in a dog?Undersized adrenal glandsAn excess of ACTHAn inactive pituitary glandAn immune response to the excess level of cortisol
- 10. Multiple ChoiceA photomicrograph of onion root tip cells during mitosis is shown.ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase
- 11. Multiple ChoiceSome organisms have genes that improve their ability to survive and reproduce.
If the genes also help their offspring survive and reproduce, then which of the following will most likely increase?The frequency of the genes in one individualThe frequency of the genes in the populationThe number of genes in one chromosomeThe number of genes in the species - 12. Multiple ChoiceThe overgrowth of algae poses a major problem for coral reefs. Intensive fishing is one factor that contributes to algae overgrowth because it does which of the following?Allows more sunlight to be available to algaeInhibits the spread of pathogens in algae coloniesReduces the number of organisms that feed on algaeIncreases the competition between different algae species
- 13. Multiple ChoiceEnzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. These proteins are composed of many simpler molecules called amino acids. Which of the following suggests that the shape of an enzyme determines the enzyme’s function?Enzymes are specific to a substrate.Enzymes can operate in a wide range of conditions.Enzymes are activated by neighboring molecules.Enzymes can be found in all life-forms.
- 14. Multiple ChoiceA section of a nucleic acid is shown.
The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA.
What type of molecule is produced?New DNAPolypeptideMessenger RNACarbohydrate - 15. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes how a diagram of cellular respiration would differ from a diagram of photosynthesis?The cellular-respiration diagram would show electromagnetic waves as the final product.The cellular-respiration diagram would show glucose as the main source of energy.The cellular-respiration diagram would show energy stored in large protein molecules.The cellular-respiration diagram would show water as the main source of chemical energy.
- 16. Multiple ChoiceIf several pea plants with the genotype TTYy are crossed with pea plants with the genotype Ttyy, what percentage of the offspring will be expected to have the TTYy allele combination?25%40%50%75%
- 17. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following are missing from the food web shown?ProducersDecomposersOmnivoresPredators
- 18. Multiple ChoiceThe concept of gene flow is demonstrated when a cow is driven off from its herd, joins another herd, and reproduces. When the cow contributes to the gene pool of the new herd,which of these most likely increases?Natural selectionGenetic variationEnvironmental fitnessReproductive mutations
- 19. Multiple ChoiceA model of a DNA molecule is shown.
The arrow indicates —the bond between adjacent phosphate and deoxyribose moleculesthe junction of introns and exons in the sense strand of DNAthe hydrogen bond between complementary nucleotidesthe junction of a codon and a DNA triplet - 20. Multiple ChoiceProteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?Only polysaccharides are comprised of repeating units of cytosine, adenine, guanine,and thymine.Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.Only polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes.Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits.
- 21. Multiple ChoiceA codon chart is shown.
Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3’ GCT 5’ will affect the protein produced?GTTTCTTCCGCA - 22. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following correctly describes an interaction that occurs between two body systems of a rabbit that helps the rabbit outrun a pursuing coyote?The skeletal system releases additional calcium, and the circulatory system retainsmore sodium in the blood to provide muscles with ions for contraction.The digestive system increases the rate of digestion, and the excretory system ceasesto provide tissues with more nutrients.The respiratory system increases the breathing rate, and the circulatory systemincreases blood pressure to provide tissues with more oxygen.The endocrine system releases hormones that prepare the immune system to deal with possible injuries.
- 23. Multiple ChoiceBoth euglena and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic unicellular organisms found in pond water. The feature that distinguishes euglena from cyanobacteria is the —ability to maintain homeostasispresence of ribosomesability to reproducepresence of a nuclear membrane
- 24. Multiple ChoiceThe acacia ant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea) lives in the bullshorn acacia plant, as shown.
The acacia ant nests and feeds in the plant’s hollow thorns. The ant helps protect the bullshorn acacia by attacking insects and grazing animals that come near the plant. The relationship between the acacia ant and the bullshorn acacia is an example of which of the following?CommensalismMutualismNeutralismParasitism - 25. Multiple ChoiceZoogeographic regions are characterized by the presence of specific groups of animals. These regions are determined by the taxonomic or phylogenetic relationships of animals. The map shows the zoogeographic regions proposed by the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1876.1 and 23 and 45 and 67 and 8
- 26. Multiple ChoiceCrossing-over between nonsister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?The expression of dominant traitsNumber of gametesThe occurrence of polyploidyGenetic variation
- 27. Multiple ChoiceThe carbon cycle includes processes that release carbon into the atmosphere and places that act as carbon reservoirs. The diagram below shows both major processes that release carbon and major carbon reservoirs.
Which of these disruptions would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle?The destruction of terrestrial biotaIncreases in marine biotaA reduction in the use of fossil fuelsA thickening of ocean sediments - Answer choicesTagsAnswer choicesTags