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Biology
10th -
12thgrade
AP Biology Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression
33 questions
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- 1. Multiple ChoiceThe synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA
primary transcript
messenger RNA (mRNA)
translation
transcription
- 2. Multiple Choice
snRNPs join with additional proteins to form an even larger assembly called a ______. This larger molecule is responsible for removing introns.
Nuclear proteinribosomespliceosome
polyribosome
- 3. Multiple Choice
This molecule moves amino acids from the cytoplasmic pool of amino acids to a growing polypeptide in a ribosome.
mRNArRNAsnDNAtRNA - 4. Multiple ChoiceThe DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription
transcription unit
promoter
terminator
transcription factors
- 5. Multiple Choice
An enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA apart and joins together RNA nucleotides to the DNA template strand
RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
DNA helicase
codons
- 6. Multiple ChoiceThe synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the mRNA
messenger RNA (mRNA)
transcription
translation
transcript
- 7. Multiple ChoiceThe genetic instruction system in which a set of three-nucleotide-long words specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains
What is etic engineering
transcript initiation complex
exons
triplet code
- 8. Multiple ChoiceA type of RNA that carries genetic message from the DNA to the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell
RNA processing
messenger RNA (mRNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
RNA splicing
- 9. Multiple ChoiceA complex rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consist of a large and a small sub-unit
ribosomal RNA
spliceosomes
sticky ends
ribosomes
- 10. Multiple ChoiceThe DNA strand that provides the pattern for the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript
template strand
triplet code
DNA ligase
ribosome
- 11. Multiple ChoiceThe sequence that signals the end of transcription
terminator or polyadenylation sequence
transcription unit or gene
transcription factors or promotors
stop codon
- 12. Multiple ChoiceA DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex
transcription factors
transcription
start codon
TATA box
- 13. Multiple ChoiceA sequence of 50-250 adenine nucleotides added onto the 3' end of a pre-mRNA molecule
5' cap
poly-A tail
triplet code
codons
- 14. Multiple ChoiceThe non-coding segments of nucleic acid that lie between coding regionsWhat are exons?What is RNA splicing?What is sticky ends?What are introns?
- 15. Multiple ChoiceSmall-scale mutation that changes a single nucleotide pair is called?missense mutationinsertionsilent mutationpoint mutation
- 16. Multiple ChoiceA loss of nucleotide pairs is called ainsertionpoint mutationdeletionnonsense mutation
- 17. Multiple Choice
The mutation that can have disastrous effects on the resulting protein is most likely a
frameshift mutationpoint mutationDNA mutationsilent mutation - 18. Multiple ChoiceThis mutation causes translation to be terminated prematurely.missense mutationsilent mutationinsertionnonsense mutation
- 19. Multiple ChoiceIn the lac operon system, the repressor protein, coded for by the regulatory gene, isinnately inactiveinnately activeneeds a corepressor to bind to the operatorserves as a positive control mechanism in prokaryotic gene expression
- 20. Multiple Choiceoperons are used byall cell typeseukaryotic cellsprokaryotic cellsviruses
- 21. Multiple ChoiceGene expression controlled pre-transcription would bemethylation of DNA
modification of pre-mRNA
breakdown of mRNAunfolding of proteins
- 22. Multiple ChoiceThe genetic make-up of a heart cell and a nerve cell of the same muticellular organism would bedifferentsimilaridentical
- 23. Multiple ChoiceAlternate RNA splicing can result ina different DNA sequencea different proteina different termination sequencea mutation
- 24. Multiple Choice
Missense mutation results in the replacement of a hydrophobic amino acid with a hydrophilic amino acid
conservative
nonconservative
frameshift
silent
- 25. Multiple Choice
During DNA replication, a guanine nucleotide is placed where a cytosine nucleotide should be. This is not corrected by the nuclease repair system. What type of mutation is this?
transition
transversion
deletion
insertion
- 26. Multiple Choice
siRNA and miRNA control what level of gene expression in eukaryotes?
translation
chromsomes unraveling
transcription
RNA modification
- 27. Multiple Choice
an Ecoli bacteria is cultured in the a medium containing high amounts of tryptophan. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the trp operon based on this information?
RNA polymerase will transcribe the structural gene
trp will bind to the repressor protein acting as a corepressor
the regulatory gene will be transcribed and translated by RNA
the repressor protein will bind to the operator
- 28. Multiple Choice
A gene is found in a highly acetylated part of a chromosome. This gene will most likely
be transcribed
be turned off
be deleted
be modified
- 29. Multiple Choice
The part of the large subunit of the ribosome the start codon attaches to.
A site
P site
R site
T site
- 30. Multiple Choice
When glucose is present and lactose is absent, Ecoli will
turn on the lac operon
activate CAP
transcribe the structural gene
bind the repressor to the operator
- 31. Multiple Choice
Muscle cells and skin cells make different proteins and enzymes because
they have different genes
they have different activators that bind to specific enhancers
they have different RNA polymerase
they have different nucleotide sequences
- 32. Multiple Choice
In Eukaryotic Cells, what must bind to the promotor before transcription can begin (needed for RNA polymerase to bind)?
spliceosome
helicase
transcription factor
topoisomerase
- 33. Multiple Choice
What enzyme could be used after translation to control gene expression?
RNA polymerase- build more mRNA
protease- break apart the polypeptide
helicase- unzip and unwind the DNA
spliceosome- cut out the introns
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