gravity pulling dense material to the center

seismic waves

radioactive decay

solar radiation

collisions of rock

In both processes, the densest materials moved to the center.

In both processes, the densest materials moved to the outside.

In both processes, the densest materials formed the middle layer.

In both processes, the densest materials were evenly distributed.

The outer core is a solid and P-waves don't go through solids.

The outer core is a liquid and P-waves slow down in liquids and S-waves don't go through liquids.

The outer core is made of iron and S-waves don't go through iron and P-waves always slow down in iron.

The outer core is a putty-like material and S-waves don't go through putty and P-waves slow down in putty like material.

The crust is denser than the mantle.

The crust is liquid and the mantle is solid.

The crust is solid and the mantle is liquid.

The crust is less dense than the mantle.

Meteorites are most likely debris ejected from the sun and moon.

Meteorites come from bodies in space that formed along with the planets and are thought to have similar compositions to Earth's layers.

Meteorites formed far outside the solar system at the same time Earth formed.

continental shift

continental drift

plate movement

plate tectonics

along shorelines

near magnetic poles

near plate boundaries

at high elevations

the discovery of matching plant and animal fossils found on different continents

the discovery that most earthquakes are near plate boundaries

coal found in Antarctica

the discovery of the rock age increases as distance from mid-ocean ridges increases

the discovery of sea-floor rock patterns due to magnetic reversal

The present continents will gradually move to form a single landmass called Pangaea.

The continents were once a large landmass named Pangaea, which broke apart and gradually drifted to the present-day locations of the continents.

The continents were once a large landmass, but the north and south magnetic poles pulled the continents apart towards the poles.

The continents were once a large landmass, but the ocean level rose, and these oceans separated today's continents.

This evidence shows that this creature inhabited both continents because it swam across the ocean.

This evidence shows that the two continents have similar climatic conditions.

This evidence shows that Cynonathus could have flown between the continents over time.

This evidence shows that this creature could not have swum or flown long distances, so the continents were once connected.

This evidence shows that that the two continents have similar landforms.

This evidence shows that the mountains contain fossil evidence.

This evidence shows that sea floor spreading occurs, and magnetic reversal patterns exist on the sea floor.

This evidence shows that they were once a single mountain range when the continents were connected and were later separated as the continents moved apart.

Plates move because of the gravitational force of the moon pulling on Earth's surface.

Plates move because the asthenosphere is slowly moving.

Plates move because landforms cause them to move in different directions.

Plates move because they are slowly expanding and growing larger.

divergent, trench

divergent, volcanoes

convergent, folded mountains

convergent, volcanoes

Because rock is compressed and forced upward.

Because convergent plate boundaries occur above hot spots.

Because the rock is stretched apart and breaks, which allows magma to rise to Earth's surface.

Because subducted oceanic lithosphere melts and rises as magma to Earth's surface.

Away from each other

One going up and other other going down

The two arrows coming towards each other.

faults

volcanoes

glacial deposits

folded rock layers

a ridge and a rift valley

a trench and a mid ocean ridge

a rift valley and an ocean trench

an ocean trench and a mountain range

Material rises from the mantle to the crust.

Sediments from the crust sink into the mantle.

Crustal rock subducts into the mantle and melts

Thermal energy rises from the mantle to the crust.

Tsunami waves transfer energy from the crust to the mantle.