Ch 3 Lesson 2: The Enlightenment [Intro] (McGraw Hill)
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Ch 3 Lesson 2: The Enlightenment [Intro] (McGraw Hill p96-99)
The philosophes: Locke, Newton, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot
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Ideas of the Philosophes
The Enlightenment was an 18th-century European philosophical movement of intellectuals who applied reason (scientific method) to an understanding of all life.
Philosophes wanted to break superstitions of the medieval period
They hoped by using reason they could progress toward a better society
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contin.
Reason, natural law, hope, progress -- these were common words to the thinkers of the Enlightenment
Ideas of John Locke and Isaac Newton heavily influenced the philosophes
Locke suggest people are born with tabula rasa (blank mind) and are molded by their experiences of their world
Newton believed the universe operated according to natural laws that could be uncovered through systematic investigation
- Question 460 secondsReport an issueQ.
All of the following are true about the Enlightenment EXCEPT
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Role of Philosophy
Intellectuals of the Enlightenment were known by the French word philosophe, or "philosopher"
Writers, professors, journalists, economists, & social reformers, all from the nobility or middle class
The purpose of philosophy and the movement was to improve the world
Reason & rational criticism were applied to everything, including religion & politics
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Philosophes were likely
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Montesquieu
A French noble who tried to find natural laws that govern social and political relationships of human beings
Stated that England's government provided the most freedom since it had three branches: executive (monarch), legislative (Parliament), and judicial (courts).
This system functioned through separation of powers: three branches of government limit and control each other (AKA checks and balances)
- Question 860 secondsReport an issueQ.
Montesquieu believed a government system with checks and balances within its own government provided the most freedom, which was called __________ of powers.
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Voltaire
From a middle-class family in Paris, well known for criticism of Christianity
Through numerous writings, he challenged the actions of the Church
Believed strongly in religious toleration, promoting deism (religious philosophy based on reason and natural law)
- Question 1060 secondsReport an issueQ.
Voltaire's belief in deism is a religious philosophy based on ______ and natural law.
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Diderot
Wrote the Encyclopedia, a 28-volume collection of knowledge (1751-1772) with the purpose to "change the general way of thinking"
The Encyclopedia was a weapon against old French society, attacking religious superstition and it supported religious toleration
Sold to doctors, clergymen, teachers, and lawyers it spread Enlightenment ideas
- Question 1245 secondsReport an issueQ.
Diderot's Encyclopedia supported the Church and long-held superstitions in European society
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