A fraction represents a part of a whole and is written as 'a/b', where 'a' is the numerator (part) and 'b' is the denominator (whole).

Equivalent fractions are different fractions that represent the same value, such as 1/2 and 2/4.

To compare fractions with the same denominator, look at the numerators. The fraction with the larger numerator is greater.

To compare fractions with different denominators, convert them to equivalent fractions with a common denominator or use cross-multiplication.

The least common denominator is the smallest multiple that two or more denominators share.

To find the missing numerator, set up a proportion and cross-multiply to solve for the unknown.

A proper fraction is a fraction where the numerator is less than the denominator, such as 3/4.