A long vowel is a vowel sound that is pronounced the same as the name of the letter itself. For example, the 'a' in 'cake' is a long vowel.

A short vowel is a vowel sound that is pronounced differently than the name of the letter. For example, the 'a' in 'cat' is a short vowel.

The long vowels are A, E, I, O, and U.

The short vowels are A, E, I, O, and U.

An example of a word with a long 'a' vowel sound is 'cake'.

An example of a word with a short 'a' vowel sound is 'cat'.

Long vowels sound like the letter name, while short vowels do not.

A long vowel is often followed by a silent 'e' at the end of the word, like in 'time'.

A short vowel is usually found in a closed syllable, where the vowel is followed by one or more consonants, like in 'cat'.

A vowel digraph is two vowels that together make one vowel sound, like 'ea' in 'bread'.