Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion, calculated as KE = 1/2 mv², where m is mass and v is velocity.

Potential energy is the stored energy of an object due to its position or state, commonly associated with gravitational potential energy, calculated as PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.

The potential energy is highest at the highest points of the swing, where the pendulum momentarily comes to rest before swinging back down.

As a roller coaster descends a hill, its potential energy decreases while its kinetic energy increases, resulting in higher speeds at the bottom.

A balloon filled with air possesses potential energy due to the compressed air inside it.

Potential energy is greatest at the highest point of the roller coaster, where the speed is momentarily zero.

Potential energy increases with height; the higher an object is, the more gravitational potential energy it has.

In a closed system, the total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) remains constant, demonstrating the principle of conservation of energy.

The formula for calculating kinetic energy is KE = 1/2 mv², where m is mass and v is velocity.

The formula for calculating gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.