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- 1. Multiple Choice
Sand dunes like the ones pictured above are most likely caused by —rainglacierswindwater - 2. Multiple ChoiceA river delta is an area where sediments are deposited. The sediments in the river delta shown above most likely come from the—mountain rangeocean floordesertcoast line
- 3. Multiple Choice6. The rivers in the drawing have helped change the shape of the nearby hills by —carrying sediment away from the hillsdepositing rock near the top of the hillsbringing water to the glacier that moves over the hillsforming faults in the hills where earthquakes can occur
- 4. Multiple ChoiceMost canyons are the result of erosion caused by —a rivera volcanoa hurricanean earthquake
- 5. Multiple ChoiceGlaciers are masses of ice that move slowly on land. Which of these features was most likely formed by a glacier?wide valleydeep oceanlava flowcanyon
- 6. Multiple ChoiceThe diagrams shows a natural process that weathers rock.
Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?frozen water acts as a solutewater expands when it freezesthe mass of water increases when it freezesfrozen water dissolves most types of rock - 7. Multiple ChoiceBiofuels is an energy resource that is advantageous because it causes less pollution. Biofuels come from —rocks that have been changed by heat and pressureplants and animalsgeothermal energyhydroelectirc energy
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhat is one disadvantage of using wind energy rather than burning coal to produce electricity?the power it produces is economicalwind energy can be converted directly into electricitythe turbines are too large and take up a lot of spaceit does not cause pollution
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhat is an advantage of using wind to produce electricity?
pollutants are emitted into the atmosphereit is cost effective over timeoil spills my occurthe local ecosystem my be disrupted - 10. Multiple ChoiceUse the diagram of a dam and power plant and your knowledge of science to answer the following question:
What is one positive impact of this electric power plant on the environment?obstructs the migration of fishproduces electricity without polluting the airchanges the natural water temperaturecauses the relocation of animals and people - 11. Multiple ChoiceWhich energy source is considered a nonrenewable?
biofuelnatural gassolarhydropower - 12. Multiple ChoiceHydroelectric, geothermal, and biofuel energy are all renewable sources of energy. They are called renewable because they –
can be converted directly into heat and electricityare clean and cost effectivedo not produce air pollutantscan be replenished in a short period of time - 13. Multiple ChoiceHow do hydroelectric power plants produce energy?
fossil fuels are burned to produce electricitywind spins the blades of a wind turbinesolar cells collect solar rays during the daywater flows through a turbine at a dam - 14. Multiple ChoiceWhy is solar energy used in only a limited way?
it causes pollutionit will run out in a few yearsit is not available at all timesit cannot be used on a large scale - 15. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an advantage of using solar energy to produce electricity?solar power does not cause pollutionsolar power is available all of the timesolar cell factories do not create harmful wastesthe systems to make solar power are inexpensive
- 16. Multiple ChoiceWhat does this illustration show?
the capture of wind energythe collection of solar energythe conversion of water power into electricitythe use of fossil fuels to operate a windmill - 17. Multiple ChoiceMore and more people are using wind power to produce energy to heat and cool their homes. Wind power is—a nonrenewable resource that formed during the time of the dinosaursa renewable resource that formed along with our solar systema renewable resource that forms as trees grow larger and larger on Earth's surfacea renewable resource that forms due to the uneven heating of the Earth by the sun
- 18. Multiple ChoiceMany cities are taking actions to cause less harm to the environment. Which action produces energy from an alternative source?. Burning coal to heat homesReplacing lawns with plants that require less waterUsing biofuels to generate electricityBuilding a new water-treatment plant to improve water quality
- 19. Multiple ChoiceThe cross-section illustrates the rock layers beneath a forest in the snow covered mountains of Canada. Fossils of tropical jungle plants are found in layer C. What conclusion can be drawn from this fact?at some point in the past this area was covered by waterplant life has not changed over the many yearsthere is a large underground heated water supply beneath the forestthis area used to have a different climate than it does now
- 20. Multiple ChoiceThe picture shows a rock found in Texas. Which of the following best illustrates that the rock was formed from ocean sediments?the number of fossils in the rockthe size of the fossils in the rockthe place where the rock was foundthe type of fossils in the rock
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the best evidence that one of these layers of rock was formed under an ocean?the thickness of the layerthe type of fossils in the layerthe number of caves in the layerthe height above sea level of the layer
- 22. Multiple ChoiceThis rock contains fossils of water plants and shells. What does this tell us about the rock?the rock contains many living thingsthe rock needs to be cleaned with waterthe rock is heavier than most rocksthe rock was once at the bottom of the sea
- 23. Multiple ChoiceAs sedimentary rock is laid down over time, the oldest layers are usually on the bottom and the newest are on top. Which of the following would have an effect on the order of the rock layers in a certain area?erosion caused by rainrock folding and tiltingwind erosionlava flows near a volcano
- 24. Multiple ChoiceScientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim?
ADinosaur footprints were found near the Grand CanyonFish were found living in the rivers of the Grand CanyonFossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand CanyonBones from desert animals were found at the Grand Canyon - 25. Multiple ChoiceWhat is a fossil?the preserved remains of a dead plant or animal found in a rockfuels that formed from the decayed remains of plants and animalsa solid natural material that has a crystal form and its own set of propertiesA resource that can replace itself in a short period of time
- 26. Multiple ChoiceA scientist found a fossil that was buried 5 meters below the surface of the ground. The next week she found a fossil that was 10 meters below the surface. What is most likely true about the deeper fossil?it is youngerit is olderit is largerit is smaller
- 27. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram represents a cross-section of a cliff. It shows several rock layers containing fossils.
Which of the following layers of rock is most likely the youngest?the layer containing trilobitesthe layer containing fishesthe layer containing amphibiansthe layer containing dinosaurs - 28. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram shows layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the oldest fossils?
Layer 2Layer 4Layer 1Layer 3 - 29. Multiple ChoiceThe diagram above shows layers of sedimentary rock in the Earth’s crust. In which layer of rock should a scientist expect to find the oldest fossils?Layer MLayer NLayer OLayer P
- 30. Multiple ChoiceMost fossils are found in –
frozen rockigneous rocksedimentary rockmetamorphic rock - 31. Multiple ChoiceThe Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?heat and pressuresoil depositionrain and windriver formation
- 32. Multiple ChoiceLayer F contains many plant fossils. Layer F most likely formed in which of these environments?desertforestoceantundra
- 33. Multiple ChoiceA student created a model to show how a sedimentary rock is formed by placing rocks, pebbles, and soil in a jar. The student added water to the jar, put on the lid, and shook the mixture. After settling, the sediment in the jar formed layers. Which describes why the layers formed in the student’s model?The sediment particles settled with the largest at the top and the least dense a the bottom.
The largest particles of sediment settled at the bottom and the smallest particles of sediment settled at the top.
. The lease dense particles settled on top, some pebbles floated in the water, and the densest particles settled on bottomShaking created a solution in which all parts were evenly mixed - 34. Multiple ChoiceStudents have been studying fossil fuels. What is an example of conservation by using less fossil fuel resources?riding a bike instead of driving a carflying in an airport
- 35. Multiple ChoiceWhat do the processes of the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels have in common?Sedimentary rocks are the only type of rock where fossils are found which produce energy.Sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels are mixed with fossils to provide energyFossil fuels and sedimentary rocks are burned to release energy.
Sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels are both formed over a long period of time with high pressure. - 36. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best completes the process shown in the flow cart?layersdepositioncementationtransporting
- 37. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following are fossil fuels EXCEPT-coaloilcorn oilnatural gas
- 38. Multiple ChoiceWhich processes are required for the formation of sedimentary rock?pressure and coolingcompaction and cementationweathering and meltingdeposition and coolling
- 39. Multiple ChoiceWhich processes are required for the formation of sedimentary rock?boiling and pressuredeposition and compactionweathering and meltingpressure and cooling
- 40. Multiple ChoiceA river deposits layers of minerals and other rocks at its mouth. Over time, what kind of rock is formed by the deposits?igeneousmetamorphicsedimentarylava
- 41. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is formed in the process shown in the diagram?coalglassgoldwater
- 42. Multiple ChoiceThe research of geologists, B. W. Murck and B. J. Skinner, claims that rock formations like these of the beautiful Bryce Canyon in Utah provide information about past climates and life forms that inhabited the Earth. These rock formations are made up largely of sandstone, limestone, and shale. Which Earth process is evident in this canyon?
.formation of sedimentary rockerosion of shorelinesweathering of hilltopsplant growth - 43. Multiple ChoiceA student said that sedimentary rocks are formed through a process of weathering, erosion, deposition, and -layeringtransportingcompactingfragmenting
- 44. Multiple ChoiceSedimentary rocks are formed from sediments of weathered material that have been eroded and then deposited in layers. This process requires—time and temperaturedeposition and meltingcollection and transportationtime and pressure
- 45. Multiple ChoiceThe most important factor in forming the sedimentary rock layers below is—volcanic eruptionsscorching sunmoving waterearthquakes
- 46. Multiple ChoiceThe rock in Grand Canyon National Park is formed from layers of sand, minerals, and shells. Which type of rock is present at Grand Canyon National Park ?metamorphicsedimentaryigneousvolcanic
- 47. Multiple ChoiceThe picture below shows a woman who has just finished mowing her lawn. Look at the picture carefully. Which resource in the front yard is NOT a renewable resource?water from the sprinklersoil under the grassfuel for the mowerplants and trees
- 48. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these is a nonrenewable energy source ?windsolarwatercoal
- 49. Multiple ChoiceFossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal began forming under the Earth’s surface millions of years ago and now provide most of the manufactured energy we use. These resources formed—from melted rock deep inside the earth, they are a nonrenewable energy sourcefrom melted rock deep inside the earth, they are a renewable energy sourcedeep in the earth from early plants and animals , they are a nonrenewable energy sourcedeep in the earth from plants and animals , they are a renewable energy source
- 50. Multiple ChoiceThe speed at which sediments change to rocks can be described as—instantly over a short period of timequickly over a long period of timeslowly over a long period of timeslowly over a short period of time
- 51. Multiple ChoiceIn what types of rocks are fossils usually found?
Ametamorphicsedimentaryigneousvolcanic - 52. Multiple ChoiceWhich is not an example of fossil fuel ?coaloilnatural gasgeothermal
- 53. Multiple ChoiceCoal, oil, and gas are resources that come from—electric power plantsvolcanic eruptionsthe movement of waterthe remains of living organisms
- 54. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following must occur in order for plant remains to be transformed into fossil fuels? The plant remains must be—eatenburnedburiedrecycled
- 55. Multiple ChoiceThe process of breaking up rocks on the surface of the Earth is called—depositionsedimentationerosionweathering
- 56. Multiple ChoiceMillions of years ago the remains of dead plants and animals were buried by sediments. Through the action of time and pressure over millions of years, these remains changed form. We now call these changed remains—solar energyrenewablealternativefossil fuels
- 57. Multiple ChoiceOil, natural gas, and coal provide most of the energy we use today. How were these resources formed?These renewable resources formed deep in the Earth from decayed organismsThese nonrenewable resources formed deep in the Earth from decayed organismsThese nonrenewable resources formed from magma deep inside the earthThese resources formed from magma deep inside the earth
- 58. Multiple ChoiceCoal is a nonrenewable resource that was formed hundreds of millions of years ago in swampy areas. Coal was formed from —silica rich lava that has been compressed over timeanimal remains that were buried over an extended periodplant material that was buried over an extended periodsedimentary rocks that have been compressed over time
- 59. Multiple ChoiceThe finger-like formations in the cavern shown to the right are called stalactites and stalagmites. Which process most likely formed these stalactites and stalagmites?slow deposition of mineralsfast erosion of soilfast rising of waterslow cooling of air
- 60. Multiple ChoiceFossil fuels formed over a long period of time because heat and pressure were applied to —carbon filtered through limestoneorganisms buried in the groundbacteria on top of the mudnitrogen mixed in the water
- 61. Multiple ChoiceThe custodian just finished mowing the yard in front of the school. Which of the following resources in the school yard is NOT considered renewable?the gasoline used in the mowerthe soil in which the grass growsthe grass and other plants in the yardthe water from the sprinkler that keeps grass alive
- 62. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement about resources is true?
Water is a renewable resource, but coal is not.Minerals and oil are both renewable resources.Oil is renewable but minerals are not. - 63. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a renewable resource?Wood, because trees grow fairly quickly.Coal, because more can be made in about 100 years.Petroleum, because it can be made into gasoline.Gold, because more can be taken out of the ground.
- 64. Multiple ChoiceCoal is formed when organic materials are buried undergrounds and subjected to great pressure. If coal replaces itself naturally, why is it considered a nonrenewable resource?coal is very hard to find on the surface of the earthit is very difficult to mine coal from undergroundit takes millions of years for new deposits of coal to formcoal is burned in order to generate electricity
- 65. Multiple ChoiceA renewable resource can be replaced in a relatively short period of time. A nonrenewable resource takes thousands or millions of years to be replaced. Which of the following is a nonrenewable source of energy?solar powerpetroleumwindmoving water
- 66. Multiple ChoiceWater that evaporates from lakes and rivers is constantly being replaced by precipitation. Therefore, the water in lakes and rivers is –a fossil resourcea renewable resourcea nonrenewable resourceand exhaustible resource
- 67. Multiple ChoiceResources that can be replaced once they are used are called –
nonrenewable resourcesrenewable resources - 68. Multiple ChoicePetroleum is considered a nonrenewable resource because—
it cannot be replaced easilyit can be replaced easilyit is made into gasolineit is very thick and black - 69. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these is a renewable resource?
diamondscoaloilwind - 70. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?wateraluminumsunlightoxygen
- 71. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following soils has the roughest texture?
potting soilsiltclaysand - 72. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following has the greatest effect on soil’s capacity to retain water?soil colorsoil texturesoil fragrancesoil luster
- 73. Multiple ChoiceGeologist can tell a lot about soil from its color. Nutrient rich soil is generally –darker in colorgray in colorred in colorcolorless
- 74. Multiple ChoiceSoil in one location is different than soil in another location. To better understand soil and how it is different, geologist observe and measure the soil’s –lengthmasspropertiesgravity
- 75. Multiple ChoiceStudents are investigated properties of soil. They picked up the soil and rubbed it back and forth between their fingers. They noticed the soil was made of many different sized particles and felt smooth. What property are they examining ?colormassfragrancetexture
- 76. Multiple ChoiceA student is comparing the erosion of different types of soil and rocks. She makes piles of the materials that are equal in size and shape. She slowly pours the same amount of water over each pile. Then she measures the height of each pile. The table shows her results .Which pile of material eroded the MOST?sandpebblesgravelsoil
- 77. Multiple ChoiceThrough which type of soil will water move most quickly?sandy soil with large poreshumus soil with small poresclay soil with tiny poressolid rock with no pores
- 78. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following has the GREATEST effect on the ability of soil to retain water?the age of the soil particlesthe size of the soil particlesthe color of the soil particlesthe luster of the soil particles
- 79. Multiple ChoiceTop soil has a rough texture with spaces between the grains. This allows water to filter quickly through the soil. Clay soil, however, is composed of smoother particles that stick together with little or no spaces between. What would happen if clay were used as a water filtration method? The water -would flow freely through the claywould not flow easily through the claythe clay would evaporate very quicklywould change the clay into sedimentary rock
- 80. Multiple ChoiceA sample of water and sediment was taken from a river. The substances were allowed to settle in a jar for three hours, as shown here. Which of these best explains why the stones are below the sand?the sand is less dense than the stonesthe water temperature is hot enough to melt sandsand particles dissolvethe sand particles are more dense than the stones
- 81. Multiple ChoiceFour soil samples of equal volume were put in funnels with filter paper. 200 mL of water was added to each sample and the water that flowed out the bottom of the funnel was collected and measured. What can you determine about the soil samples from the data?Soil sample R retained the most waterSoil sampleT was the driest.Soil sample Q has more organic matter.Soil sample S was about half sand.
- 82. Multiple ChoicePlants grow very well in topsoil because it is very rich. All of these processes help form the rich topsoil EXCEPT—ocean tidesdecayed organismsweathering of rockserosion from wind and water
- 83. Multiple ChoiceSome students added 500 milliliters of water to equal amounts of four different samples of soil. In this investigation, which sample of soil retained the most water?ABCD
- 84. Multiple ChoiceSimilar containers were filled with different types of soil. Holes were poked into the bottom of each container, and 300 milliliters of water were added. The water that dripped out was collected and measured. According to the information in the table, which type of soil retained water best?potting soilsandy soilgravelclay
- 85. Multiple ChoiceThe pictures show a method used to collect data in an investigation. Different kinds of materials were mixed with 100 grams of garden soil. An equal amount of water was added to each mixture. Which of these was this investigation designed to answer?rHow well each material mixes with garden soil.How well each material retains water.How well each material supports plants.How well each material fits in a jar.
- 86. Multiple ChoiceThree soil samples were tested to see how much water each could hold. The same amount of water was added to each funnel of soil. Very few plants would probably grow in the clay because the water would —fail to reach the roots of the plantsbecome too cloudyrun through soil too quicklybecome poisonous to the plants
- 87. Multiple ChoiceThe change pictured was most likely caused by –deposition and erosionprecipitation and glaciersweathering and erosionevaporation and deposition
- 88. Multiple ChoiceHow does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks? The freezing water—keeps the rocks in placemakes the rocks last longerexpands cracks and breaks rockscauses rocks to fall in landslides
- 89. Multiple ChoiceWhat two forces are the main agents of erosion?
deposition and weatheringgravity and evaporationprecipitation and gravitymoving wind and moving water - 90. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a constructive force that changes the surface of the Earth slowly over time?
depositionearthquakestidal wavesweathering - 91. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of erosion?wind blowing across a field and picking up dust and small rockssediment falling to the bottom of a lake or oceanthe breaking up of rocks due to the effects of freezing waterthe formation of stalactites in underground caves
- 92. Multiple ChoiceThe prairie is ideal for the growth of grasses because it has rich topsoil. All of these processes help form topsoil EXCEPT —decay of treesweathering of rockserosion of hillsmovements of oceans
- 93. Multiple ChoiceA student placed some clean rocks in a clear plastic jar. The jar was filled with clean water and covered with a lid. Then the student shook the jar for five minutes. The student noted that smaller pieces had broken off some of the rocks and that there was a fine grit on the bottom of the jar. Which change of Earth’s surface was the student modeling?
A Physical weathering
B Chemical weathering
C Erosion of sediments
D Forming deltasphysical weatheringchemical weatheringerosion of sedimentsformation of deltas - 94. Multiple ChoiceBefore investigating rapid changes in the Earth’s surface, students each developed a hypothesis about what rapid changes in Earth’s surface meant. Which student’s hypothesis was correct?Student 1 said rapid changes meant forms of precipitation.Student 2 guessed rapid changes were high and low temperatures.Student 3 guessed rapid changes were caused by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides.Student 4 said rapid changes were caused by weathering and erosion.
- 95. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these is least likely to cause a rapid change to Earth’s surface?volcanolandslideearthquakedeposition
- 96. Multiple ChoiceA large wave that is formed out at sea by tectonic plate movement is called a tsunami. What is the cause of a tsunami?underwater volcanounderwater hurricaneunderwater earthquakeunderwater landslide
- 97. Multiple ChoiceLandslides change the Earth’s surface rapidly when dirt, rocks, and pebbles slide down a slope together. Sometimes these landslides are small and other times they may change the entire side of a mountain.Which of the following is a cause of landslides?air pollutioncondensationhailstormsheavy rainfall
- 98. Multiple ChoiceA teacher asks students to develop a question to research volcanoes. All the following questions would be valid to research EXCEPT –How do volcanoes change the Earth's surface ?What causes volcanoes to erupt ?Do scientists drive across moving lava flows ?Is a volcano constructive, destructive, or both ?
- 99. Multiple ChoiceSome changes occur to Earth’s surface slowly while other changes occur rapidly. Which of the following changes the Earth’s surface rapidly?riverwindweatheringlandslides
- 100. Multiple ChoiceWhich natural event MOST LIKELY caused the crack in the road?
windan earthquakelava flowing from a volancoa landslide - 101. Multiple Choice. Mountains occur mostly where—
there is a lot of water erosionglaciers move boulders into pilessinkholes cause surrounding land to collapselayers of rock collide causing land to fold or rise - 102. Multiple ChoiceGlaciers form high in mountain valleys and in Polar regions where the snow falls but never melts. How do glaciers change the Earth’s surface?by melting and then flooding the valleys and Polesby grinding against valley walls to make them widerby causing earthquakes and the formation of volcanoespieces of ice break off and form oceans
- 103. Multiple ChoiceWhat is one way that a glacier can change the Earth’s surface?glaciers help create new landformsglaciers cause water to freeze into new landformsthe movement of glaciers causes volcanic eruptionsglaciers melt and cause ocean tides to become higher
- 104. Multiple ChoiceEarthquakes can change the Earth’s surface in all of these ways EXCEPT—creating new mountainsdepositing sand in deltasforming large cracks in rockcausing the earth to shake
- 105. Multiple ChoiceThe Earth’s surface is not one solid piece of rock and soil, but is made up of large pieces called plates. These plates fit together like pieces of a puzzle and are constantly moving. Why can’t we feel the movement of these Earth plates?the plates move very quicklythe plates move very slowlythe plates are too small to feelthe plates are underground
- 106. Multiple ChoiceThe picture to the right illustrates a cross-section of the layers of rock found underneath the topsoil of the earth. Which of the following MOST LIKELY caused Layer C to slant?volcanoearthquakefloodgiants
- 107. Multiple ChoiceAn earthquake is –
crust through which lava escapesa sudden movement in the earth's crusta kind of chemical weathering that changes the eartha huge wave that washes over the earth - 108. Multiple ChoiceIn which of these ways are volcanoes a constructive force?
by adding heat to the Earth's surfaceby adding gases to the atmosphereby adding lava to earth's surface to create landby adding water vapor to the atmosphere - Answer choicesTagsAnswer choicesTags